Surge is an inherent phenomenon in a centrifugal compressor, defined as reversal of fluid flow which can possibly damage the machine. Matching centrifugal compressors with gas turbines. Many factors affect compressor and turbine engine performance, including blade dynamics, fluid dynamics, and the physical properties of gas. Preliminary staging selection for gas turbine driven. Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors hydrocarbon. Future compressor station technologies and applications. Emphasis is placed on the operators responsibilities with regard. They are an integral part of the petrochemical industry, finding extensive use because of their smooth operation, large tolerance of process fluctuations, and their higher reliability compared with other types of. Gas turbine compressor ge maintenance overhauling youtube. There are three basic categories of gas turbine engine compressor. It explores the various types of centrifugal compressors, provides valuable information on impellers, and explains basic centrifugal compressor sizing. Centrifugal compressors srl ge compressors pdf catalogs. Api 616 requires that the gas turbine shall be designed for continuous service at each point.
All electric lng plants better, safer, more reliable and. Generally centrifugal compressors are limited to two stages due to efficiency concerns. Apr 23, 2015 a procedure for optimizing the preliminary design of a gas turbine driven multistage centrifugal compressor package is discussed. Gas turbine driven compressor delivered by antonov, ongc. Gas turbine driven compressors linkedin slideshare. A gas turbine driver, though, is not always the most efficient driver, particularly when operating below capacity, but this is offset by low overall lifecycle. Field testing of gas turbine driven centrifugal compressor units at operational production facilities can provide valuable information about the condition of the equipment.
Our centrifugal gas compressors are a reliable solution. As mentioned earlier, the power range and speed range of the gas turbine should be well matched with the specified required power and speed range of the centrifugal compressor. The gas turbines manufactured by ge energy have features that make them particularly suitable for pipeline compressor applications. Pdf the performance of a lowhighpressurestage centrifugal compressor in a landuse mwlevel gas turbine with a pressure ratio of approximately 11. This course develops a background in gas turbine operation that will enable participants to properly analyze operating problems and take the necessary corrective action. Fundamentals of gas turbine engines introduction the gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. Thus, for the end user and the manufacturer, an accurate determination of the compressor field performance and measurement uncertainty is of vital interest. The arrangement considered in this study is depicted in fig. Abstract this paper describes the fundamental performance of gas. The key difference between such compressors and pumps is that the compressor working fluid is a gas compressible and the pump working fluid is liquid incompressible. Ge energys pipeline centrifugal compressor line complements its gas turbine line to optimize matching with the gas turbine driver resulting in perfectly integrated gas turbine compressor units. With state of the art performance, solar has delivered over 6500 centrifugal compressors that deliver bestinclass efficiencies. Gas turbines are a type of internal combustion ic engine in which burning of an airfuel mixture produces hot gases that spin a turbine to produce power. Centrifugal compressors are widely used for natural gas transportation by increasing the pressure of the gas.
Proceedings of the asme 1986 international gas turbine conference and exhibit. The gas burners a re ignited and the compressor is loaded up. Only on rare occasions can electric, steam or deisel oil drives compete with natural gas as compressor fuel in pipeline service. Development of a novel gas turbine driven centrifugal. The bai hassan project involves the installation of three 3 solar gas turbine driven dual tandem centrifugal gas compressors at three 3 new gas compressor stations, ab4, ab5 and ab6 near the bai hassan oil field in iraq. Not only is experion controlling the turbines, but it also handles all turbine, generator, and compressor auxiliaries as well as the balance of plant controls in a single easy to use, easy to maintain system. Online adaptation of performance maps for centrifugal gas. A 4 mtpa lng facility has a power requirement equal to an industrialized city of about 100,000 inhabitants. The fuel gas compressor flow capacity is the same as that of the gas turbine.
The compressor stations will be designed for a flow capacity of fifty million standard cubic feet per day 50 mmscfd. Field testing of gas turbine driven centrifugal compressor. The market for natural gasdriven applications within the powergeneration industry is growing rapidly all over the world. Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors for gas storage and. When should an electric adjustable speed drive be used. The tcu includes a centrifugal or axial compressor, steam turbine drive, instrumentation and amcs. Solar designs and manufactures every turbomachinery package using quality and safety systems recognized worldwide as standards of excellence. Control optimization for multiple gas turbine driven. Centrifugal compressors chapter 6 are used in small gas turbines and are the driven units in most gas turbine compressor trains. Kawasaki centrifugal compressor kawasaki heavy industries. Matching of gas turbines and centrifugal compressors citeseerx. The challenge is to control the units such, that certain. Centrifugal compressors an overview sciencedirect topics.
However, the compressor is a part of a gas turbine, meaning that additional restrictions are imposed by the engine as a whole. In this paper, a case study is presented based on field testing performed on the compressors and gas turbine drivers of six units at a gas compression station. Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors for gas storage. The use of gas turbines for generating electricity dates back to 1939. Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors for gas storage and withdrawal applications. Learn how solar offers a variety of turbine ratings to fit your needs. Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors a gas turbine compressor station uses a small amount of the gas in the pipeline to fuel a combustion gas turbine known as a mechanical drive. Gas turbine driven gas compressor provides decades of reliable power source overview as the first industrial enduser of the ase series aeroderivative gas turbine, pakistan oilfields has been operating two ase40 engines on a continuous duty compressor. Semiconstant duty services tend to fall between two operational extremes of either a narrow speed range or which operate over a narrow flow range and power.
A high speed centrifugal compressor is closely directly coupled to the power turbine of a twoshaft gas turbine having a gas generator section separate from its power turbine. Gas turbine driven gas compressor provides decades of reliable power source overview as the first industrial enduser of the ase series aeroderivative gas turbine, pakistan oilfields has been operating two ase40 engines on a continuous duty compressor drive application since 1979. The centrifugalflow compressor consists of an impeller rotor, a diffuser stator, and a compressor manifold. A typical gas turbine compressor train is shown in driven figure 1 the electric helper motor rotates the. Application of a 5500 rpm high speed induction motor and drive in a 7000 hp natural gas compressor installation. We are excited to announce the release of the first centrifugal compressor training video developed in over 20 years. Centrifugal compressors are used to power gas turbine engines used in jet aircraft, energy production, and other heavy industry applications. All the equipment is developed and manufactured by close co.
Pdf control concepts for centrifugal compressor applications. Figure 3 shows an example of a fuel gas compressor arrangement for a gtcc plant, with two gas turbines and three fuel gas compressors connected by a common header. Discussed herein is the field testing of gas turbine driven compressors and the typical. The very large flow, large horsepower machines are practically all steam turbine driven with a few being driven hy ga turbine where natural gas fuel is available. During startup a specific acceleration, and therefore also a certain amount of energy, is required. A fourth, unusual, type is the freepiston gas generator, which combines the. Figure 1 efficiency per unit of centrifugal compressor driven by motor and gas turbine indicates total efficiency for motor and gas turbine driven systems, respectively where does the electric energy come from. Sep 03, 2012 gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors are broadly employed in the oil and gas industry for semiconstant or variable compression duty applications as depicted in figure 1. Performance assessment of gas turbine driven centrifugal. Gas turbinedriven centrifugal compressors are broadly employed in the oil and gas industry for semiconstant or variable compression duty applications as depicted in figure 1. Gas turbine units are normally used for higher horsepower 10. For more complex projects unit responsibility as prime contractor is given to compressor manufacturer gas turbine being offthe shelf and compressor being customized. Many gas compressor stations use multiple gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors.
Emphasis is placed on the operators responsibilities with regard to auxiliary systems, operational data taking, and data evaluation. The high efficiency of the centrifugal compressor handling the lowhead, highvolume flows of pipeline service makes it a natural choice. Our centrifugal gas compressors are a reliable solution for meeting this. They are compatible with singleor doubleended steam turbine and can be coupled with a multistage booster. Driving centrifugal compressor technology brochure atlas copco. Turbocompressors centrifugal compressors are members of a class of. Tutorial on modeling of gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors. A gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that converts heat energy of the fuel into mechanical energy via three main elements a compressor, combustor and turbine. Reference 1 provides information on other types of compressors, such as positivedisplacement, axial, and others. Turbocompressor units with the steamturbine driven. Steam turbine units rated from 6 to 25 mw complete electricallydriven gas pumping units rated at 4,0. Sep 28, 2015 a gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that converts heat energy of the fuel into mechanical energy via three main elements a compressor, combustor and turbine. Compression process of gas in centrifugal compressor describes with fig.
Solar offers reliable and versatile natural gas centrifugal compressors for all oil and gas applications. Pdf analysis and improvement of a twostage centrifugal. Solar builds complete gas compressor packages that are ready to go to work in all gas compression and transmission applications, no matter where the job is. The optimization procedure is based on the variation of singlestage centrifugal compressor adiabatic efficiency as a function of specific speed and mach number. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid air to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the airplane. Today, gas turbines are one of the most widelyused power generating technologies. A procedure for optimizing the preliminary design of a gas turbine driven multistage centrifugal compressor package is discussed. Pdf control methods for centrifugal compressors, especially in oil and gas service. In a gas turbine, the centrifugal compressor transfers energy from impeller blades. The market for naturalgas driven applications within the powergeneration industry is growing rapidly all over the world.
The fuel gas booster maintains a consistent suppy of fuel gas. Gas turbine driven gas compressor provides decades of. Gas enter compressor through suction nozzle 1 at ps p1 measured as total pressure and become p2 as static pressure in isentropic. Regardless of location, an efficient delivery of gas to the plants turbines is instrumental if productivity is to be maintained in this process. Figure 146 centrifugal compressors have a high pressure rise per stage that can be around 8. Hornberger, horst, wockenfuss, albrecht, and schmidt, klaus d. Development of a novel gas turbine driven centrifugal compressor a. I ntroduction what a gas turbine driven compressor model should tell us. Millward proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, part a. Centrifugal compressors are also similar to centrifugal pumps of the style shown in the adjacent figures. Compression process of gas in centrifugal compressor gas compression process is presented in enthalpy versus entropy chart. The compressor is normally a centrifugal type and may be a highspeed singlestage.
The size and operating speed of a centrifugal com pressor have a direct effect on the operation and the maintaining of the compressor. Turbocompressor units with the steamturbine driven centrifugal compressors. While the majority of natural gas field and transmission compressors are reciprocating machines, a sizable minority are centrifugal compressors driven by gas turbines. The centrifugal flow compressor consists of an impeller rotor, a diffuser stator, and a compressor manifold. As gas turbines operate in a continuous thermodynamic cycle, they have a higher power density than other types of internal combustion engines. The large, high flow compressors are practically all driven by steam turbines. The optimization procedure is based on the variation of singlestage centrifugal compressor adiabatic efficiency as a. As the name suggests, gas turbine engine compressors provide the compression part of the gas turbine engine thermodynamic cycle. Learn how solar offers a variety of turbines to fit your compression needs. Apr 01, 2015 hornberger, horst, wockenfuss, albrecht, and schmidt, klaus d. Us4057371a gas turbine driven high speed centrifugal. Steam turbine units rated from 6 to 25 mw complete electricallydriven gaspumping units rated at 4,0. Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors products.
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